Evidence

What PubMed contains, class by class

Each entry names a compound class as the literature names it, describes the mechanism the indexed reviews report, and gives four counts returned by PubMed. Every count is a link: click it to run the exact query that produced it.

We publish no grade or rating of our own alongside these numbers. A count of zero randomised controlled trials is a more useful and more honest signal than any adjective we could supply, and it is one you can verify in a second.

480 citations · 19 compound classes · retrieved from PubMed 2026-08-03

BPC 157

Tissue repair research

The indexed literature describes a synthetic pentadecapeptide — a short amino-acid chain — derived from a sequence identified in gastric juice, and reports effects on the signalling behind new blood-vessel growth and on the migration of fibroblasts in laboratory and animal models.

0Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 51Records with human filter 224Total indexed records

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Thymosin β4

Tissue repair research

Published reviews characterise thymosin β4 as a naturally occurring protein that binds and holds the cell-scaffolding molecule actin, and report effects on cell migration and new blood-vessel growth in wound and heart-injury models.

7Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 577Records with human filter 1,032Total indexed records

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KPV

Tissue repair research

The literature describes KPV as the C-terminal tripeptide — a short fragment from the tail end — of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and reports anti-inflammatory activity in laboratory models.

0Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 6Records with human filter 16Total indexed records

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MOTS-c

Metabolic research

Reviews describe MOTS-c as a peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell nucleus, and report activation of the energy-sensing enzyme AMPK and regulation of the folate–methionine cycle in laboratory models.

4Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 139Records with human filter 247Total indexed records

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AOD9604

Metabolic research

The literature describes a synthetic fragment from the tail end (C-terminus) of human growth hormone, investigated on the hypothesis that its fat-breakdown (lipolytic) activity could be separated from its growth-promoting activity.

0Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 18Records with human filter 23Total indexed records

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NNMT inhibitors (5-Amino-1MQ)

Metabolic research

Published reviews describe inhibition of the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) and its role in cellular metabolism. Note that the indexed literature treats this as a small molecule, not a peptide.

0Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 62Records with human filter 92Total indexed records

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GHRH analogues & ghrelin receptor agonists

Growth axis research

Published pharmacology describes two distinct mechanisms — activation of the GHRH receptor (sermorelin, CJC-1295) and selective activation of the ghrelin receptor (ipamorelin) — both reported to raise growth hormone secretion.

3Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 24Records with human filter 51Total indexed records

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Insulin-like growth factor I

Growth axis research

Reviews describe IGF-I as the main messenger acting downstream of growth hormone, working through the IGF-1 receptor.

165Randomised controlled trials 11Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 690Records with human filter 756Total indexed records

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NAD+ precursors

Cellular research

Trials and reviews describe nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside as precursors that feed the NAD+ salvage pathway, with NAD+ then serving as a substrate the sirtuin and PARP enzymes consume.

37Randomised controlled trials 6Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 90Records with human filter 102Total indexed records

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GHK-Cu

Cellular research

Published reviews describe a small copper-binding peptide (a tripeptide) present naturally in human blood, reporting effects on gene expression and collagen synthesis.

2Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 62Records with human filter 175Total indexed records

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Epithalon (AEDG)

Cellular research

The indexed literature describes a small synthetic peptide (a tetrapeptide) studied as a regulator linked to the pineal gland, with reported effects on telomerase expression in laboratory models.

0Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 43Records with human filter 144Total indexed records

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Semax

Neuroactive research

Published work describes an ACTH(4-10) analogue — a modified fragment of the hormone ACTH — and reports effects on the expression of neurotrophic (nerve-supporting) factors.

1Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 51Records with human filter 230Total indexed records

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Selank

Neuroactive research

The literature describes Selank as a synthetic version of tuftsin, a peptide the body makes naturally.

3Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 44Records with human filter 135Total indexed records

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Delta sleep-inducing peptide

Neuroactive research

Reviews describe a small peptide (a nonapeptide) first isolated from blood draining the brain, characterised in relation to sleep regulation.

6Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 141Records with human filter 518Total indexed records

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Thymosin α1

Immune research

Published reviews describe a peptide produced naturally by the thymus that modulates the maturation of T cells and the function of dendritic cells, largely through Toll-like receptor signalling.

23Randomised controlled trials 7Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 176Records with human filter 310Total indexed records

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LL-37 / cathelicidin

Immune research

The literature describes LL-37 as the human cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide, and reports roles in innate immune signalling.

8Randomised controlled trials 0Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 762Records with human filter 995Total indexed records

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ARA 290 / cibinetide

Immune research

Trial reports describe an 11-amino-acid peptide derived from the helix B region of erythropoietin, designed to engage the innate repair receptor without the red-blood-cell-producing (erythropoietic) activity of the parent hormone.

4Randomised controlled trials 2Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 30Records with human filter 60Total indexed records

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Kisspeptin

Endocrine research

Reviews describe kisspeptin as acting at the KISS1R receptor, sitting upstream of GnRH in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.

23Randomised controlled trials 15Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 248Records with human filter 331Total indexed records

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Melanotan

Endocrine research

The indexed literature describes a melanocortin receptor agonist (activator) that acts non-selectively, and consists substantially of dermatological case reporting.

4Randomised controlled trials 2Systematic reviews & meta-analyses 93Records with human filter 278Total indexed records

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Citations were selected by the index’s relevance ranking, not by systematic review, and inclusion is not endorsement of a paper’s conclusions. Counts reflect what was indexed on the retrieval date shown and will change as the literature does. Mechanism descriptions summarise what the cited reviews report; they are not claims about any product, and they are not a representation that any compound is safe or effective for any use.

Primary sources

Check ours against theirs

These are the public databases this library is built from — national library, government agency, and registry resources, each of which publishes its own records. We provide the citations; you verify them independently.

Primary literaturePubMed ↗The US National Library of Medicine index. Every citation on this page resolves to a record here.

Full textPubMed Central ↗Free full text for the subset of the literature deposited open access.

Trial registryClinicalTrials.gov ↗The NIH registry of clinical studies, including those still recruiting and those that ended without publishing.

Regulatory recordDrugs@FDA ↗FDA approval documents, labels, and review packages.

Safety surveillanceFAERS public dashboard ↗FDA adverse event reports. Reports are unverified and do not establish causation — read the agency’s caveats before drawing conclusions.

PreprintbioRxiv / medRxiv ↗Preprint archives. Not peer reviewed — we cite nothing from them, and link them only so you can see the leading edge and judge it as what it is.

These are independent public resources. Linking them is not affiliation with, or endorsement by, any listed institution or agency, and none of them have reviewed this page.

Questions

Questions about this index

What is this index, and what is it not?

For each compound class studied in this field, it reports what the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database contains: how many randomised controlled trials in humans, how many systematic reviews, how many records in total, and a sample of the literature linked by PMID. It is not a product page, not a protocol, and not a recommendation. We have deliberately published no dosing information, no safety guidance, and no characterisation of any product we sell — those require professional review we have not yet completed. The index is also not exhaustive: some compound classes are held back pending that same review, so absence from this page means nothing about a compound either way.

Why do some compounds show zero randomised controlled trials?

Because none are indexed. The figure comes from a PubMed query you can run yourself by clicking it — a search limited to randomised controlled trials in humans. Where that count is zero, there was no published human evidence for that compound at the time it was retrieved. We show the number rather than describing it so that you are reading the index rather than reading us.

How were these citations selected?

Programmatically. A script queries PubMed’s E-utilities API with the search terms shown on each card, sorted by the index’s own relevance ranking, and records what comes back. No citation here was transcribed by hand, and the retrieval date is published above. Selecting by relevance ranking is a real limitation — it is not a systematic review, and a paper’s presence here is not an endorsement of its conclusions.

Why is there so little here about your own products?

Because statements about sourcing, manufacturing standards, documentation, and regulatory status carry legal weight, and we would rather publish nothing than publish something we have not had reviewed. Until that review is complete, this library confines itself to the published literature, which we can point you at directly. If you need documentation for procurement or institutional review before then, contact us and we will handle it individually rather than by web page.

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